 |
WHY NEUTRINOS DO NO DAMAGE
One reason neutrinos do not harm living tissue is they spread their impact over volume, not surface area. Neutrinos transfer momentum evenly throughout the full thickness of matter, so that the gravity on any particular portion of matter is relatively small.
Another reason neutrinos are harmless is they do not disrupt molecular bonds, like deadly radiation. It is possible that many neutrinos simultaneously impact a single atom from different sides. They are much smaller than even electrons.
THE MISSING MASS
(I don't have it . . . honest.)
For years, physicists have been looking for about 95% of the mass of the universe that is believed missing. Many consider the steady-state model of the universe accurate, and it indicates the presence of a large, invisible mass often referred to as "dark matter." In the book Particle Physics and Cosmology, by P.D.B. Collins, A.D. Martin, and E.J. Squires, state that neutrinos most likely make up the missing mass. Other candidate particles are listed in the book, but are less likely for various reasons.
The authors of several physics books claim the neutrino has zero mass. This has not yet been determined scientifically. A more accurate specification for the mass of neutrinos is found in table 1.1 on page 2 of Particle Physics and Cosmology. There are three known types of neutrinos, and a non-zero upper limit is placed on the mass of each of them.
POSSIBLE SOURCES OF NEUTRINOS
Matter produces neutrinos during beta-decay, and stars through hydrogen fusion and supernovae. One might ask, "If stars and planets produce neutrinos, and neutrinos push things in the direction in which they travel, then why do stars and planets have gravity?"
PREDICTION: repulsive stars or other celestial bodies may exist in our universe.
With a universe full of neutrinos, the flow of neutrinos toward any single star, might far exceed the output of that star. It is noteworthy that the star's neutrino output would lessen its gravitational field, and the its actual mass would be greater than previously calculated, using only Newton's formula.
Given Einstein's model of a finite, yet unbounded universe, the neutrinos can travel only so far, before they are back again. Every neutrino might eventually travel through each celestial body, and each body is exposed to all of the available neutrinos. Neutrinos, therefore, could come from anywhere in the universe.
THE EXPANDING UNIVERSE
Given Einstein's model of a finite, yet unbounded universe, neutrino density might be roughly equal and balanced throughout the universe. This would not necessarily be the case if all the neutrino-producing bodies were clustered in a single section of the universe. If these bodies are clustered in a single section, continual, unbalanced neutrino bombardment might cause all the bodies to spread out, and could account for the observed expanding of the universe. The outskirts of the populated region are pushed outwardly by tremendous unbalanced gravitational force.
If Einstein was wrong, and the universe is infinite, and all the neutrino-producing bodies were clustered in a single section of the universe, the unbalanced gravitational force and expansion would be even greater. |
 |
